Nobel prizes

The Nobel prizes were established in 1901 to acknowledge achievements in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and in fostering peace. Alfred Nobel, the Swedish inventor of dynamite, bequeathed his fortune to fund the prizes, which are worth 11 million Swedish krona (roughly $1 million). Recent winners include Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman in 2023 for discoveries that enabled the mRNA vaccines against covid-19, and Roger Penrose, Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez in 2020 for their work on black holes. The awards are announced every October.