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Environment

Lead pollution across the Roman Empire would have caused IQ deficits

Lead records from Arctic glaciers indicate that people all over Europe would have been affected by pollution from metal smelting during the Roman era

By Christa Lesté-Lasserre

6 January 2025

The site of a Roman-era lead mine at Charterhouse in Somerset, UK

Andrew Wilson

Extensive silver mining may have exposed ancient Romans to high levels of lead pollution in the air, probably leading to a general drop in their IQ and their resistance to disease.

Analyses of Arctic ice layers point to concentrations of atmospheric lead at the Roman Empire’s height that were about threefold what they are today in the US. The effect on the intelligence of ancient people across Europe – especially in major coin-making regions in Iberia – would have been significant and might have even made…

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