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CALL it a case of cosmic bullying. The dwarf galaxies that ruled the early universe had to make way for giants like our own Milky Way. Astronomers have long suspected that the dwarfs sowed the seeds of their own demise, and now there is evidence to support this idea.

According to standard cosmology, dwarf galaxies formed between 100 and 200 million years after the big bang. At the time, the universe was filled with clouds of neutral hydrogen. Soon after, the hydrogen became ionised, and this led to the formation of giant galaxies. “The big question is: how did this…

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