When water freezes on the surface of rock, metal, plastic and many other materials, it can be very difficult to remove. What makes the bonds so strong? What materials bond most strongly with ice?
Mike Gorman, Manchester, UK
We pay £25 for every answer published in New Scientist. To answer this question – or ask a new one – email lastword@newscientist.com.
Questions should be scientific enquiries about everyday phenomena, and both questions and answers should be concise. We reserve the right to edit items for clarity and style. Please include a postal address, daytime telephone number and email address.…


