From Philip Woodward
My letter of 28 May (website letters) has stirred up some discussion with John McCarthy of Stanford University, who has proof of having used the phrase “artificial intelligence” in 1955, the year before I thought I had invented it.
Oddly enough, he has a vague memory of feeling that it was not of his own invention even then. This leads us to speculate that the phrase had been used by some now forgotten party before August 1955, and surfaced independently from our subconscious minds when we needed it.
Malvern, Worcestershire, UK
