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Caption: New fossils of Protomelission from the Xiaoshiba biota, showing attachment of the alga to a brachiopod shell. Credit: Zhang Xiguang

Fossil thought to be earliest bryozoan animal may actually be seaweed

8 March 2023

The Cambrian fossil Protomelission was identified in 2021 as a type of coral-like animal called a bryozoan, but new specimens make it look more like a kind of green algae


Illustration of a warm-blooded ancestor of mammals

Ear anatomy shows warm-blooded animals evolved 233 million years ago

20 July 2022

Analysis of inner ear canals from hundreds of modern and fossil animals shows that warm-bloodedness appeared abruptly in the late Triassic


Illustration of Qikiqtania wakei in the water

A fish that evolved to stand up on land went back to living in water

20 July 2022

A fossil from 385 million years ago named Qikiqtania wakei shows that a descendant of early land animals lost its adaptations for land and became a more efficient swimmer


An artist illustration of Meraxes

Meraxes gigas was a huge dinosaur with tiny arms like T. rex

7 July 2022

A dinosaur discovered in Argentina has been identified as a new species. Meraxes gigas lived 20 million years before T. rex, but had a similarly large body, sharp teeth and proportionately small arms


Eximipriapulus reconstruction

Penis worms had hermit crab-like defence system 530 million years ago

8 November 2021

More than half a billion years ago, tiny penis worms had learned to protect themselves by grabbing and living inside snail-like shells, like hermit crabs do today


Microscopic calcite structures reveal the protein skeleton of an ancient sponge

Sponge fossils suggest animals already existed 890 million years ago

28 July 2021

The preserved remains of sponges found in Canada suggest that animals may have originated 350 million years earlier than we thought


ancient amphibian

Some early land-dwelling amphibians evolved back into aquatic species

9 June 2021

By 340 million years ago, our ancient fish-like ancestors had evolved to walk on land – but within about 10 million years, some of them had adapted to an aquatic life again


kangaroo hand bones

Large extinct Australian kangaroo spent half its life in trees

24 March 2021

A 50-kilogram kangaroo that lived 40,000 years ago in what is now Australia spent half its time living in trees – an unusual adaptation for a kangaroo of that size


Bizarre 'manta shark' slowly cruised the oceans 93 million years ago

Bizarre 'manta shark' slowly cruised the oceans 93 million years ago

18 March 2021

A Mexican fossil belongs to a shark that lived more than 90 million years ago and had wings like a manta ray, which may have helped it swim in place while feeding on plankton


Eomonachus belegaerensis

Giant seal fossil found in New Zealand hints they evolved in the south

11 November 2020

The discovery of a new species of extinct monk seal in New Zealand suggests that many seals evolved in the southern hemisphere and repeatedly crossed the equator


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