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Caption: New fossils of Protomelission from the Xiaoshiba biota, showing attachment of the alga to a brachiopod shell. Credit: Zhang Xiguang

Fossil thought to be earliest bryozoan animal may actually be seaweed

8 March 2023

The Cambrian fossil Protomelission was identified in 2021 as a type of coral-like animal called a bryozoan, but new specimens make it look more like a kind of green algae


Ichthyosaur

Largest ever animal may have been Triassic ichthyosaur super-predator

29 December 2022

New fossil discoveries show predatory marine reptiles from 200 million years ago may have been bigger than today’s blue whales – and that they evolved astonishingly rapidly


How flowering plants beat bloom-free gymnosperms to world dominance

How flowering plants beat bloom-free gymnosperms to world dominance

8 November 2022

Flowerless gymnosperms, such as conifer and ginkgo, ruled the Jurassic world before their flowering rivals, the angiosperms, became dominant. What caused the fall of one and the rise of the other?


Illustration of Qikiqtania wakei in the water

A fish that evolved to stand up on land went back to living in water

20 July 2022

A fossil from 385 million years ago named Qikiqtania wakei shows that a descendant of early land animals lost its adaptations for land and became a more efficient swimmer


An artist illustration of Meraxes

Meraxes gigas was a huge dinosaur with tiny arms like T. rex

7 July 2022

A dinosaur discovered in Argentina has been identified as a new species. Meraxes gigas lived 20 million years before T. rex, but had a similarly large body, sharp teeth and proportionately small arms


Microscopic calcite structures reveal the protein skeleton of an ancient sponge

Sponge fossils suggest animals already existed 890 million years ago

28 July 2021

The preserved remains of sponges found in Canada suggest that animals may have originated 350 million years earlier than we thought


leaf-like rangeomorphs

The bizarre plant-like animals that say life’s big bang never happened

6 November 2019

The Cambrian explosion is feted as the moment where complex animals burst onto the scene, but the enigmatic Ediacaran creatures that came first are rewriting the history of life on Earth


A fossil may rewrite the story of how plants first lived on land

A fossil may rewrite the story of how plants first lived on land

30 April 2018

A plant fossil that lay unnoticed for a century is unexpectedly large for something so old, and it could upend our ideas about the evolution of land plants


Oxygen may have helped complex life arise a billion years early

Oxygen may have helped complex life arise a billion years early

23 April 2018

Earth’s air suddenly got a lot more oxygen around 1.6 billion years ago and that could have triggered the evolution of large multicellular organisms


Worst mass extinctions may have been caused by rising mountains

Worst mass extinctions may have been caused by rising mountains

23 April 2018

A pair of mass extinctions struck in quick succession just before the dinosaur era, and the birth of a mountain range in South Africa may have been partly to blame


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